![]() The Swiss Confederation was also restored. The various German princes whose territories had been included by Napoleon in the Confederation of the Rhine were also restored to their territories. The Pope was also restored with all his possessions in Italy. The House of Savoy was restored in Piedmont and Sardinia. The House of Orange was restored in Holland. The Vienna Settlement restored the Bourbons in Spain, Naples and Sicily. The principle of restoration was consistent with that of legitimacy which the French statesman Talleyrand was exploiting in order to save France from further territorial spoliation and to enable his defeated country to play an important part in the deliberations of Europe. ![]() As regards the principle of restoration, it was decided to restore, as far as possible, the boundaries and reigning families of the several European countries as they were before the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon. (1) The Vienna Settlement was based on three principles, viz., restoration, legitimacy’ and compensation. Principles on which Vienna Settlement was based: Ultimately, Prussia secured only about half of Saxony.ģ. The result was that he gave way on some points and Prussia followed suit. The Czar was convinced that the other side would fight rather than give way. This extreme step produced the desired results. The difference went right up to the brink of war.Īt the beginning of 1815, France, Austria and England formed a defensive alliance to resist the claims of Russia and Prussia. Metternich refused to allow Prussia so large an extension of the territory contiguous to Austria and Castlereagh and Talleyrand (of France) stood with him. Prussia desired to annex the whole of Saxony in exchange for the large amount of Polish territory she was surrendering to Russia and Czar Alexander “backed up” Prussia to the limit. There was a lot of controversy among the victors regarding the fate of Poland and Saxony. Many emperors, foreign ministers and statesmen assembled at Vienna and carried on deliberations during the winter of 1814-15. As Metternich had played the most important part in the overthrow of Napoleon, Vienna was chosen as the venue of negotiations and the settlement of Europe. However, when he was overthrown in 1814 and sent to the Island of Elba, the problem before the European statesmen was how the map of Europe was to be redrawn. Image Source: /wikipedia/commons/4/45/Vienna_Congress.jpg
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